According to the definition from Microsoft, AI imitates human behavior by utilizing machine learning, allowing it to interact with the environment and perform tasks without being explicitly told what to do. Generative AI goes a step further by creating original content, like text, images, or even code.
Generative AI can take in natural language input and return relevant responses across a variety of formats. It can be used for:
- Natural Language Generation, where it crafts human-like text based on prompts.
- Image Generation, which allows it to create visuals from text-based requests.
- Code Generation, enabling the creation of scripts or programming code automatically.
This advanced AI is becoming more integral to applications, such as the widely known ChatGPT, and is a significant tool for businesses, developers, and creatives alike.
Let’s focus on the Transformer model architecture. The Transformer model consists of two main blocks:
The Encoder block, which creates semantic representations of the training vocabulary.
The Decoder block, which generates new language sequences.To process text, the model tokenizes the input, breaking it down into individual words or phrases, each represented as unique numeric tokens. These tokens are then assigned embeddings, which are vectors that capture the meaning of the tokens in a multidimensional space.
The Attention layers is examining each token and determining its relationships with other tokens, allowing the model to capture the semantic context of the text. These relationships are further refined through the Feed Forward layers, where the model makes predictions about the most probable sequence of tokens in the generated output.
In essence, this combination of encoding, attention, and decoding allows Transformers to efficiently handle natural language tasks, making them the backbone of many state-of-the-art models like GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer).
Imagine you’re interacting with an AI assistant like ChatGPT, asking it a question: “What is the capital of France?”
Step 1: Tokenization
When you type the sentence “What is the capital of France?”, the first step the Transformer model takes is to break down (or tokenize) the sentence into smaller parts (tokens). These tokens might look something like this:
"What", "is", "the", "capital", "of", "France", "?"Each word or token is assigned a unique number, allowing the model to process the text mathematically.
Step 2: Embedding
Next, each of these tokens is converted into embeddings. Think of an embedding as a way to represent the meaning of each word in a numerical form that the AI model can understand. These embeddings capture multiple dimensions of meaning – so, for example, “France” and “Paris” might have embeddings that are close to each other in this multidimensional space because they are semantically related.
Step 3: Attention Mechanism
This is where the magic happens. The Attention mechanism in the Transformer allows the model to understand how different tokens in your sentence are related. For example, the model recognizes that the words “capital” and “France” are closely connected.
It’s not just looking at each word independently; it’s focusing on the relationships between the words, enabling it to infer that you’re asking for the capital city of a country (France in this case).
Step 4: Decoding and Generating a Response
Once the model has processed the relationships between the tokens, the Decoder block generates a response. It predicts the most likely next tokens (words) based on what it has learned. In this case, the most probable output would be:
“The capital of France is Paris.”
